The study of viruses is under renewed scrutiny, say more than 150 experts in a new commentary published recently in mSphere, mBio and the Journal of Virology, journals of the American Society for Microbiology.

The commentary’s authors call on policymakers to recognize the need for more rational discourse around the future of virology. They implore a more nuanced, evidence-based discussion around gain of function research and provide evidence to support the benefits of this type of research for human health. These concerns are especially focused on enhanced potential pandemic pathogen research and dual use research of concern.

“To respond rapidly to emerging viral threats we must be able to apply modern biology tools to viruses which will ensure that we reduce the burden of future disease outbreaks,” said Felicia Goodrum, Ph.D., co-Editor-in-Chief of ASM’s Journal of Virology.  

The current debate regarding the origin of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is partly due to a theory that suggests it may have been caused by an accidental or intentional lab leak. However, evidence strongly suggests that the virus originated from zoonotic transmission, through the transfer of the virus from wild animals to humans.
 
Despite this, a narrative against this valuable research tool has developed, putting the field of virology at risk, despite its critical role in preparing humanity to fight threats posed by viruses.
 
"Research on dangerous pathogens does require oversight, but we must be careful to not overly restrict the ability of scientists to generate the knowledge needed to protect ourselves from these pathogens,” said Michael Imperiale, Ph.D., a professor with the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Michigan Medical School and editor-in-chief of ASM’s journal mSphere.
 
As policymakers take a renewed look at policies surrounding gain-of-function research, the authors state, the abundance of existing oversight around virology research should be considered and a concerted effort to avoid redundant measures should be implemented.
 
Gain of function research and regulations around virus research was the subject of a meeting by the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity held on January 27, 2023 which has released draft findings and recommendations. Imperiale is scheduled to testify at the Congressional hearing "Challenges and Opportunities to Investigating the Origins of Pandemics and Other Biological Events” on February 1, 2023.
 
Read the full commentary: “Virology Under the Microscope: A Call for Rational Discourse.”

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